Pengasuhan Digital: Mengembangkan Nilai-nilai Sosial Anak Usia Dini melalui Penggunaan Media Digital
Keywords:
anak usia dini, pengasuhan digital, perkembangan sosial, teknologi, media digitalAbstract
Penggunaan media digital di kalangan anak-anak usia dini telah menjadi perhatian penting, terutama saat ini anak usia dini cepat mengadopsi teknologi dalam pembelajaran. Media digital dapat memengaruhi pembelajaran, perkembangan, dan interaksi sosial anak-anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi peran orang tua dalam memanfaatkan media digital untuk mengembangkan nilai-nilai sosial pada anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR), dengan analisis terhadap 10 artikel relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bila orang tua dapat melakukan pengasuhan digital yang tepat, maka media digital dapat mendukung pengembangan keterampilan sosial yang penting pada anak usia dini. Orang tua berperan penting dalam memfasilitasi, membatasi, dan mengatur interaksi anak-anak mereka dengan media digital. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya mediasi orang tua untuk menciptakan keseimbangan antara keterlibatan digital dan pembelajaran berbasis permainan, sehingga mendukung perkembangan sosial anak secara holistik.
References
Aisha, I., & Kaloeti, D. V. S. (2021). Digital Storytelling Intervention on Prosocial Behavior Improvement Among Early Childhood. Psympathic Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 7(2), 185–196. https://doi.org/10.15575/psy.v7i2.5713
Alia, T., & Irwansyah, I. (2018). Pendampingan Orang Tua Pada Anak Usia Dini Dalam Penggunaan Teknologi Digital [Parent Mentoring of Young Children in the Use of Digital Technology]. Polyglot Jurnal Ilmiah, 14(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.19166/pji.v14i1.639
Asmayawati, A. (2023). Can Technology Initiate The Enhancement of Digital Literacy in Early Childhood? Evidence From Indonesia. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 06(11). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V6-i11-25
Benedetto, L., & Ingrassia, M. (2021). Digital Parenting: Raising and Protecting Children in Media World. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92579
Bidgood, A., Taylor, G., Kołak, J., Bent, E. M., & Hickman, N. (2022). A Balanced Digital Diet for Under 5s: A Commentary on Orben (2021). Infant and Child Development, 31(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2292
Cao, S., & Li, H. (2023). A Scoping Review of Digital Well-Being in Early Childhood: Definitions, Measurements, Contributors, and Interventions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3510. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043510
Cipta, E. S. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Media Digital Terhadap Perkembangan Karakter Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Ainara Journal (Jurnal Penelitian Dan PKM Bidang Ilmu Pendidikan), 4(3), 109–115. https://doi.org/10.54371/ainj.v4i3.271
Correa, T. (2013). Bottom-Up Technology Transmission Within Families: Exploring How Youths Influence Their Parents’ Digital Media Use With Dyadic Data. Journal of Communication, 64(1), 103–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12067
Diadha, R. (2015). Keterlibatan Orang Tua Dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Di Taman Kanak-Kanak. Edusentris, 2(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.17509/edusentris.v2i1.161
Dong, C., Cao, S., & Li, H. (2020). Young Children’s Online Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic: Chinese Parents’ Beliefs and Attitudes. Children and Youth Services Review, 118, 105440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105440
Dzulfadhilah, F. (2023). Digital Parenting: Pelatihan Komunikasi Efektif Orang Tua Dan Anak Usia Dini Di Era Digital. Teknovokasi, 1(3), 218–225. https://doi.org/10.59562/teknovokasi.v1i3.515
Fang, M., Tapalova, O., Zhiyenbayeva, N., & Kozlovskaya, S. (2021). Impact of Digital Game-Based Learning on the Social Competence and Behavior of Pre-Schoolers. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-707659/v1
Hidayati, A. (2018). Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Character-Based Instructional Video Implementation to Early Childhood Education in Padang. Journal of Counseling and Educational Technology, 1(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.32698/051
Kaplan-Berkley, S. (2021). Digital Tools and Streaming Media Converge to Inspire Social Interactions of Generation Alpha. International Journal of Early Childhood, 54(2), 185–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-021-00301-y
Kurniati, E., Alfaeni, D. K. N., & Andriani, F. (2020). Analisis Peran Orang Tua Dalam Mendampingi Anak Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Obsesi Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(1), 241. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i1.541
Lee, M. S., Linggonegoro, D. W., Huang, J. T., & Nambudiri, V. E. (2021). Expanding the palette of pediatric playthings: A call to action for pediatric dermatologists. Pediatric Dermatology, 38(6), 1601–1603. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14848
Lilawati, A. (2020). Peran Orang Tua Dalam Mendukung Kegiatan Pembelajaran Di Rumah Pada Masa Pandemi. Jurnal Obsesi Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(1), 549. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i1.630
Lupton, D. (2021). Young People’s Use of Digital Health Technologies in the Global North: Narrative Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(1), e18286. https://doi.org/10.2196/18286
Mantilla, A., & Edwards, S. (2019). Digital technology use by and with young children: A systematic review for the Statement on Young Children and Digital Technologies. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 44(2), 182–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/1836939119832744
Methley, A., Campbell, S., Chew‐Graham, C., McNally, R., & Cheraghi-Sohi, S. (2014). PICO, PICOS and SPIDER: A Comparison Study of Specificity and Sensitivity in Three Search Tools for Qualitative Systematic Reviews. BMC Health Services Research, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-014-0579-0
Myers, L. J., LeWitt, R. B., Gallo, R. E., & Maselli, N. M. (2017). Baby FaceTime: can toddlers learn from online video chat? Developmental Science, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12430
Nalevska, G. P. (2023). Parental Attitudes and Mediation in Children’s Use of Digital Media. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2023.57
Nelissen, S., Kuczynski, L., Coenen, L., & Bulck, J. V. d. (2019). Bidirectional Socialization: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model of Internet Self-Efficacy and Digital Media Influence Between Parents and Children. Communication Research, 46(8), 1145–1170. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650219852857
Poulain, T., Ludwig, J., Hiemisch, A., Hilbert, A., & Kieß, W. (2019). Media Use of Mothers, Media Use of Children, and Parent–Child Interaction Are Related to Behavioral Difficulties and Strengths of Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(23), 4651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234651
Pusparisa, Y. (2021, March 16). Akses Anak ke Konten Digital Meningkat saat Pandemi. Databoks.
Qaiser, Z. (2020). Early Childhood Education and Care and the Use of Digital Media in Informal Environments. Berkeley Review of Education, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.5070/b89242103
Riehm, K. E., Feder, K. A., Tormohlen, K. N., Crum, R. M., Young, A., Green, K. M., Pacek, L. R., Flair, L. N. L., & Mojtabai, R. (2019). Associations Between Time Spent Using Social Media and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems Among US Youth. Jama Psychiatry, 76(12), 1266. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2325
Rizaty, M. A. (2023, February 20). Sebanyak 33,4% Anak Usia Dini di Indonesia Sudah Main Ponsel. DataIndonesia.Id.
Saeed, M. (2023). Navigating the Digital Divide Maternal Technoference and Its Reverberations on Children’s Moral Development. Carc Research in Social Sciences, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v2i4.71
Selak, M. B., Topić, M. K., & Merkaš, M. (2023). Characteristics and Parental Viewpoints Regarding Digital Device Use in Children Aged 4 to 8 Years. Hrvatska Revija Za Rehabilitacijska Istraživanja, 59(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.31299/hrri.59.1.3
Setyaningsih, E., & Setyowatie, D. (2023). E Sosialisasi Dampak Positif Dan Negatif Penggunaan Gadget Serta Media Sosial Di Kalangan Anak-Anak Dan Remaja. Ijcosin Indonesian Journal of Community Service and Innovation, 3(1), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.20895/ijcosin.v3i1.919
Siddaway, A. P., Wood, A. M., & Hedges, L. V. (2019). How to Do a Systematic Review: A Best Practice Guide for Conducting and Reporting Narrative Reviews, Meta-Analyses, and Meta-Syntheses. Annual Review of Psychology, 70(1), 747–770. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102803
Tan, K. V, & Zhooriyati, S. M. (2021). Parental Attitude and Parental Intervention Strategies on Digital Media Usage Among Young Children. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (Mjssh), 6(9), 419–429. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i9.990
Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O’Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M. D. J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., Hempel, S., Akl, E. A., Chang, C., McGowan, J., Stewart, L., Hartling, L., Aldcroft, A., Wilson, M. G., Garritty, C., … Straus, S. E. (2018). PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.7326/m18-0850
UNICEF Indonesia. (2023). Pengetahuan dan Kebiasaan Daring Anak di Indonesia: Sebuah Kajian Dasar 2023.
Wiysonge, C. S., Ngcobo, N. J., Jeena, P., Madhi, S. А., Schoub, B. D., Hawkridge, A., Shey, M., & Hussey, G. (2012). Advances in Childhood Immunisation in South Africa: Where to Now? Programme Managers’ Views and Evidence From Systematic Reviews. BMC Public Health, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-578
Yao, R. (2023). Effects of parenting styles on young children’s social skills. SHS Web of Conferences, 171, 01017. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317101017
